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    The picture on this slide shows a drop of blood and a drop of water. Because one is red and the other blue, you can immediately decide which is which. There are a number of reasons for wanting to change these icons. One is that we want the outline of each icon to be distinct, as discussed in the last slide. Another is that we can not be sure that the color will always be seen. Users may suffer from color-blindness, or the icons may be reproduced in user documentation that may be in black-and-white.

    So when you use color, use it redundantly. A good approach is to first design the icon in black and white and then add color afterwards.
    The final icon shows an improvement on the water icon. The tap gives it a unique appearance, without color, and the water drop is then colored blue to reinforce the concept of water, and it also draws the eye to the most important part of the icon - it is an icon for water, not plumbing !